Thousands of Thai anti-government protesters set off on a planned march towards Government House in Bangkok to press their demands for the departure of Prime Minister Prayuth Chan-ocha and a new constitution.
Wednesday’s demonstration is the latest in three months of action that has put the greatest pressure in years on an establishment long dominated by the army and palace.
Police arrested 21 protesters during a Bangkok rally that saw dozens of people give a royal motorcade a three-fingered salute — a show of defiance by Thai pro-democracy activists calling for reforms to the monarchy.
Since July, Thailand has seen frequent youth-led demonstrations demanding the resignation of Premier Prayut Chan-O-Cha, a former army chief. Some in the leaderless movement have also called for reform to the monarchy — a once-taboo topic due to Thailand’s harsh royal defamation laws.
Tuesday’s protest at Democracy Monument — a major intersection that has been the site of previous demonstrations — drew dozens of supporters chanting and dancing in front of police.
“Down with dictatorship. Long live democracy,” the marchers chanted as they moved off from Democracy Monument, where they had assembled face to face with thousands of yellow-clad royalist supporters.
Clashes also broke out between pro-democracy protesters and supporters of the Thai monarchy on Wednesday.
It was not clear what started the scuffles but the two sides traded punches and threw plastic bottles as police tried to keep them apart.
Earlier, hundreds of protesters scuffled with police, throwing blue paint at officers, and shouted at the royal motorcade of King Maha Vajiralongkorn after 21 demonstrators were arrested.
Protesters have also called for curbs on the powers of the monarchy, breaking a long-standing taboo against criticising the royal family, which many people still revere.
Al Jazeera’s Scott Heidler, reporting from Bangkok, said: “Police have put buses across the street and police cordons after that to prevent them from going to government house. They are allowing them to protest here at Democracy Monument, but are definitely making a bold move to prevent them from going to government house.”
Royalist leader Buddha Issara said the protesters could demand democracy, but must not call for reforms of the monarchy, as some have done.
“They must not touch on the institution,” he told reporters.Protesters made a rare direct challenge to the king on Tuesday, chanting at his passing convoy after 21 activists were arrested during scuffles with police.
Authorities moved in to clear the road in the late afternoon for a royal motorcade ferrying King Maha Vajiralongkorn, deputy police spokesman Colonel Kissana Phathanacharoen said.
“Officers tried to negotiate with the protesters who were occupying the area. They were uncooperative,” he said.
Charges against the 21 protesters include obstructing police and “causing disorder”, said a police press release.
Demonstrators threw blue paint across the intersection — with some splashing uniformed officers — before the leaders were bundled into a van. “They dragged, beat and pulled us away,” prominent activist Jatupat Boonpattarasaksa — who was among those arrested — said on a Facebook live broadcast from inside a police truck.
The royal family was scheduled to host the premier at the Grand Palace Tuesday, a public holiday to commemorate the death of the late long-serving King Bhumibol Adulyadej four years ago. When the royal motorcade eventually passed, dozens held up a three-finger salute — taken from the popular “Hunger Games” film trilogy and harnessed as a pro-democracy symbol.
A different scene greeted the monarch hours later when he was driven around the Grand Palace, where supporters had waited for hours to catch a glimpse.
King Vajiralongkorn and Queen Suthida waved from the car to a cheering crowd of around 200 people all dressed in yellow, the royal colour.
The ultra-wealthy king sits at the apex of Thai power with the support of the kingdom’s military and billionaire clans. Some protest leaders have called for the abolition of royal defamation laws — which shields the monarch from criticism — and for a proper accounting of the institution’s fortune, estimated to be some $60 billion.
Their demands have prompted a backlash from the kingdom’s political elite, and more than two dozen activists and student leaders have been arrested, charged with sedition, and released on bail since July. But the movement has soldiered on.
